File:C02 in atmosphere chart-3.png

The Keeling Curve

• https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/

The Keeling Curve: Watch It!

Keeling's Curve has been called one of the most important scientific works of the 20th century

On Mauna Loa in Hawaii, decades of mountaintop CO2 measurements chart an ominous climate record

Scripps Institute CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa have been supported for many years by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and have more recently been supplemented by Earth Networks, a technology company collaborating with Scripps to expand the global GHG monitoring network. Support for website development was provided in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

NOAA additionally has been taking measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from the site since May 1974 in parallel with Scripps scientists.

• https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/

• https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/global.html

Oh NOAA, Oh Mauna Loa

• https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/graph.html

• https://gml.noaa.gov/webdata/ccgg/trends/co2_data_mlo.png

2025

July 2025

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2024

Note: Based on the annual analysis from NOAA’s Global Monitoring Laboratory, the global average atmospheric carbon dioxide was 422.8 ppm in 2024, a new record high.

The CO2 increase during 2024 was +3.75 ppm. The LARGEST one-year increase on record.

CO2 measurements ...

July 2024: 425.55 ppm

July 2023: 421.83 ppm

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2023

CO2 Measurements @Mauna Loa, Hawaii

• https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/

Highest Daily CO2 Records (by year) | Mauna Loa Observatory

Measurements are made by two independent CO2 monitoring programs (NOAA and Scripps) at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii about 3400 metres above sea level.

Hawaiian Volcanic Eruption Temporarily Disrupts the CO2 Measurements

From the Mauna Loa site to a Mauna Kea site, the essential science data collection continues

• https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/06/climate/mauna-loa-carbon-dioxide-eruption.html

• https://twitter.com/NCSE/status/1625310608097783809

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2022

Year by Year, Measure and Monitor CO2 in the Atmosphere

• https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/

• https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/category/keeling-curve-history/

• https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/the-state-of-climate/

• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/keeling-curve

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2020 CO2: Metric Checking

• https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/monthly.html

• https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/carbon-clock/

RISING EMISSIONS DRIVE GREENHOUSE GAS INDEX INCREASES

• https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2455/RISING-EMISSIONS-DRIVE-GREENHOUSE-GAS-INDEX-INCREASE

May 11, 2019 / 415.26 ppm

According to data from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is over 415 parts per million (ppm)... far higher than at any point in the last 800,000 years, since before the evolution of homo sapiens.

About the Mauna Loa Observatory

• https://gml.noaa.gov/obop/mlo/aboutus/aboutus.html

The Carbon Clock is Ticking

April 19: 413.86 ppm

April 18: 413.43 ppm

April 17: 413.63 ppm

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CO2 Levels Now in the Weather Reports

• https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/index.html

• https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/monthly.html

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CO2 - https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:CO2_photo.JPG